Meet the Maltese, sometimes called the Maltese bichon! Despite their name's connection to Malta, this elegant breed traces its roots back to Italy. Historically cherished by royalty and aristocracy, the Maltese is still a beloved companion worldwide. Don't let their delicate beauty and small size fool you – they possess a surprising strength and a playful energy that makes them fantastic, lively pets! Keep reading to learn all about the delightful Maltese dog breed.
History of the Maltese Dog Breed
The history of the elegant Maltese dog breed stretches back thousands of years. In ancient times, these charming small dogs were highly prized. It's said that the renowned philosopher Aristotle was one of the first to write about them, referring to these special companions as "Melitaei Catelli" in ancient Rome.
Despite their name suggesting a direct link to the island of Malta, the officially accepted theory is that the Maltese breed originated in Italy. However, some historians propose they were originally brought to Italy even earlier, perhaps by the Phoenicians from Egypt over 2,000 years ago.
The name "Maltese" itself likely doesn't refer specifically to the island, but rather derives from the ancient word "malat," meaning port or refuge. This word appears in the names of various locations like Meleda, Melita, and Malta. This connection suggests the Maltese breed might have been common in port cities, where they were valued for their ability to hunt rats and mice.
Fast forward to the 17th century, the Maltese breed saw a surge in popularity. At this time, breeders attempted to make the dogs even smaller, often by crossing them with other tiny breeds. This period of mixing led to variations, including many different colored Maltese dogs appearing before the preference for pure white solidified. It wasn't until the 20th century that the exclusively pure white Maltese breed was officially approved as the standard.
More recently, in 1954, the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) officially recognized the Maltese dog breed. Italy was designated as the primary nation responsible for the breed's development and ongoing breeding standards.
Maltese dog breed characteristics
The Maltese is a small toy breed, typically weighing under 7 pounds (ideally between 4 and 6 pounds) and standing 7 to 9 inches tall at the withers.
This breed has a slightly rounded head, complemented by dark, alert eyes and a black nose. Its low-set ears are heavily feathered with long hair, hanging close to the head.
The Maltese's most distinctive feature is its single coat (lacking an undercoat) of long, flat, silky white hair. While this coat can grow long enough to sweep the ground, a look often maintained for show dogs, most pet Maltese are kept in shorter, more manageable trims for practical reasons. Importantly, Maltese shed very minimally, making them a popular choice for individuals sensitive to dog hair. Check out this article about small dogs that don't shed.
Despite their delicate appearance, Maltese possess a sturdy and agile build on their short legs. They are surprisingly energetic and enjoy opportunities to run and play. Their heavily plumed tail is distinctively carried in a graceful curve over their back.
Beyond their physical traits, Maltese are known for their lively, playful, and affectionate nature. They thrive on human companionship and, despite their small size, can be alert watchdogs.
Maltese dog breed character
Potential owners should be prepared for a playful companion, as the Maltese is typically cheerful, active, affectionate, and loyal. This breed is also known for its intelligence and general obedience, making it receptive to learning house rules, games, and tricks. Maltese possess a curious nature, often enjoying walks where they can thoroughly investigate their surroundings through scent.
Their temperament is generally considered excellent; they bond closely with their families, displaying loyalty and a sweet disposition. Highly adaptable, Maltese can thrive with a wide variety of people and in different living situations, making them suitable for apartment living as well as larger homes. They are often recommended as a good choice for first-time dog owners and families with considerate children, typically enjoying gentle cuddles and interaction. Furthermore, with proper socialization, they tend to coexist peacefully with other dogs and household pets.
However, it's important not to treat a Maltese solely as a lap dog without providing structure and training. They can become capricious or demanding if excessively pampered or allowed to develop behaviors associated with "small dog syndrome." This often involves owners tolerating actions like persistent barking, jumping, or ignoring commands simply due to the dog's small size, which ultimately hinders proper training and manners. Consistent guidance and clear boundaries are essential from a young age.
Read also: Can Maltese be left home alone?
True to their alert nature, Maltese often act as effective little watchdogs, readily barking at unfamiliar noises or visitors approaching the home. While this can be a useful trait, owners should manage this tendency through training to prevent it from becoming excessive or bothersome. They might also display some jealousy towards strangers entering their territory.
Health of the Maltese dog breed
Maltese dogs are generally quite healthy. In fact, it is a very long-lived breed. These dogs even exceed 15 years of age on many occasions. But like all dogs, there are certain diseases and problems that can affect them:
- Their skin is delicate, so even if it is covered with hair, you have to be careful about sunburn. The exposed areas are above all, the hairline and the belly, in case he lies down.
- Eye problems are frequent, as well as irritations due to hair contact. As they are quite protruding, they can also be hit or rubbed and get ulcers. Learn how to remove eye stains from your dog's eyes.
- Some Maltese tend to lick themselves. When done excessively, this can lead to irritation or even localized hair loss. Why do dogs lick their paws?
- Limb problems, such as patellar luxation, are common in Maltese breed dogs and, in general, in all small dogs.
- Bladder stones are more common in small dogs than in large dogs, so they can also affect the Maltese, although this is not the most common.
- It is important to take good care of your dog's teeth, as some Maltese tend to lose them.
- Ear infections, in which they usually secrete a dark and foul-smelling liquid.
Caring for Your Maltese
Maltese require consistent care to ensure they remain healthy and happy. Daily walks are important for both exercise and potty needs. While they don't require extremely intense workouts, regular activity is necessary to prevent them from becoming sedentary and to maintain good physical condition.
Grooming is a key aspect of Maltese care. Their single coat needs regular, ideally daily, brushing and combing to prevent mats and keep the hair healthy. Special attention should be paid to their eyes; gentle cleaning, often daily, is needed to manage and minimize tear staining, which is common in this breed. Ears should also be checked frequently, cleaned when necessary, and excess hair growing inside the ear canal typically needs to be removed (often by plucking, which can be done by a groomer or veterinarian) to prevent infections. Additionally, like many small breeds, Maltese are prone to dental problems, so regular dental care, including tooth brushing at home and professional cleanings as advised by your vet, is crucial. Providing a high-quality, balanced diet suitable for their age, size, and activity level is also fundamental.
While the grooming commitment is significant, Maltese are a very low-shedding breed. This makes them a popular choice often considered suitable for individuals with mild dog allergies. Providing the necessary care, training, and companionship will result in a devoted and affectionate pet.
Read also: Is the Maltese Dog Right for You? 10 Reasons It Might Not Be
Cost of a Maltese Dog
Regarding the cost in the United States (as of mid-2025), prospective owners can typically expect the purchase price for a Maltese puppy from a reputable breeder to range roughly between $1,500 and $4,500, though prices can sometimes be higher.
Several factors influence this cost, including:
- Breeder Reputation: Established breeders who health test their dogs and provide excellent socialization often charge more.
- Pedigree/Lineage: Puppies from champion bloodlines usually command higher prices.
- Location: Prices can vary geographically.
- Inclusions: Cost might include initial vaccinations, microchipping, or health guarantees.
It's wise to be cautious of prices significantly below this range, as they might indicate less reputable breeding practices. Remember that adoption through breed-specific rescues or local shelters is also a wonderful and often less expensive way to bring a Maltese into your life.