Picture this: You’ve fallen head over heels for that iconic, wrinkly face. You’re ready to bring a loyal, loving bulldog companion into your life, but then you hit the wall. You realize there are two distinct, incredibly popular choices: the compact, bat-eared **French Bulldog** and the stocky, stately **English Bulldog**.
This isn't an easy decision, is it? They're both adorable, both are masters of the endearing *snort*, and both rank consistently among the top ten most popular dog breeds worldwide. In fact, choosing between them feels like a delightful but frustrating puzzle. You're trying to figure out which one is the perfect fit for your sofa, your schedule, and your wallet.
While they share that famous *Brachycephalic* (flat-faced) look, the differences go far deeper than size. Your choice will dramatically impact your daily life, your exercise routine, your vacation plans, and—let's be honest—your budget for vet bills.
That’s why I’m here. Think of this as getting the honest, unfiltered truth from a dog-loving friend who has spent time with both. We’re going to cover everything from their snorts and snores to their stubborn streaks and surprising costs.
By the end of this comprehensive guide, you’ll know **exactly which bulldog fits your lifestyle**—or if maybe, just maybe, you need to look at another breed entirely. Let’s dive in!
Quick Visual Comparison: At a Glance
While both breeds share that iconic wrinkled face and pushed-in nose, the differences go far beyond size. Here is a snapshot of the key facts you need to know immediately.
| Feature | The Compact French Bulldog | The Stocky English Bulldog |
|---|---|---|
| Average Weight | 16–28 lbs | 40–55 lbs |
| Average Height | 11–13 inches | 14–15 inches |
| Exercise Needs | Moderate (30–45 mins/day) | Low (20–30 mins/day) |
| Grooming | Moderate (Wrinkle cleaning, nail care) | High (Wrinkle/tail-pocket cleaning) |
| Lifespan | 10–12 years | 8–10 years (Often shorter) |
| Snore/Drool Factor | Snorts/Snores, Minimal Drool | LOUD Snores, **EXTREME Drool** |
| Price Range (Breeder) | $3,000–$8,000+ | $2,500–$5,000 |
History & Origins: Why They Are Who They Are
Understanding a dog’s history is like reading their personality profile. It explains why some breeds are stubborn, why others chase squirrels, and in the case of bulldogs, why they are so sturdy and determined.
English Bulldog: The Courageous Companion
The English Bulldog's iconic heavily wrinkled face and stocky, muscular build (40-55 lbs)
The history of the English Bulldog is, frankly, a tough one. Their story begins in **13th-century England**, where they were developed for a horrific "sport" called **bull-baiting**. They needed to be low to the ground, incredibly muscular, and fiercely tenacious to survive.
Fortunately, bull-baiting was **banned in 1835**, and the breed faced extinction. Here’s where the heartwarming part comes in: dedicated breeders started transforming them. They selectively bred out the aggressive tendencies and focused on their loyalty and gentle nature. They became the calm, courageous companion we know today.
This history explains why the modern English Bulldog has that distinct, powerful build, incredible bravery, and sometimes, a stubborn streak that is a mile wide. Today, they are British mascots, symbols of endurance, and even the Yale University mascot—a testament to their enduring spirit.
French Bulldog: The Darling of Paris
The French Bulldog's signature bat ears and compact, portable size (16-28 lbs)
The French Bulldog, or “Frenchie,” has a much more charming, if indirect, origin story. They actually trace their roots back to the smaller **Toy Bulldogs** developed in England after the banning of bull-baiting.
Many English **lace workers** were displaced by the industrial revolution and migrated to Normandy, France, taking their beloved little companion dogs with them. The little bat-eared dogs quickly became a sensation in Paris, particularly among the chic *demimonde* (society figures) and Parisian artists. They were seen as a status symbol and a darling companion.
They were officially recognized in the late 19th century and quickly rose to popularity in America, becoming a favorite among wealthy families. What’s interesting is that while the English Bulldog was bred for tenacity, the Frenchie was bred purely for **companionship** and charm. This difference in purpose is key to understanding their personalities today.
Physical Appearance & Size: Seeing the Difference
While both are stout, they are *not* built the same. If you see them side-by-side, the Frenchie looks like a sturdy miniature of the English Bulldog—but there are critical distinctions in their build.
Size Comparison
- French Bulldog: This is the compact model. They typically weigh between **16 and 28 pounds** and stand only **11–13 inches** tall. They are truly small dogs, perfect for apartments and laps. A Frenchie can comfortably sit on your lap for hours.
- English Bulldog: This is the heavyweight champion. They clock in at **40–55 pounds** (with many large males pushing higher) and stand **14–15 inches** tall. They are low to the ground but extremely dense and broad. An English Bulldog will think they can comfortably sit on your lap, but they might crush your legs trying!
Distinctive Features
| Feature | French Bulldog | English Bulldog |
|---|---|---|
| Ears | Bat Ears (Signature, large, rounded at the tip, erect) | Rose Ears (Small, thin, folded back, resembling a rose petal) |
| Build | Square, compact, slightly longer legs proportional to their body, *more active* stance. | Broader, heavier, more massive head, wide chest, short, bowed legs, a "rolling" gait. |
| Wrinkles | Fewer wrinkles, primarily around the nose/eyes. | **Abundant Wrinkles**—the classic "sourmug" expression, often a large rope of skin over the nose. |
| Tail | Short, naturally screw-shaped or straight and hanging low. | Very short, naturally low-set and either straight or tightly screwed. |
Color Variations
Both breeds come in a variety of standard colors, but the French Bulldog currently dominates the market for rare and trendy colors.
- Standard Colors (Both): Fawn, white, brindle, and piebald (a combination of solid color and white).
- French Bulldog Trends: You’ll notice an explosion in “rare” colors like blue, merle, chocolate, and black and tan. Be warned: These colors are often associated with genetic markers that can cause significant health issues, and reputable breeders generally avoid them. Expect a huge price hike for a rare color Frenchie.
Physical Limitations to Note
Here's the thing you absolutely need to understand: their distinctive flat face (**Brachycephalic**) is also a physical limitation.
- Brachycephalic Issues (Both): They can't cool themselves effectively. This means **both breeds are terrible swimmers** (their heavy bodies and large heads cause them to sink) and are **extremely susceptible to overheating**.
- English Bulldog Specific: Due to a shorter muzzle and a heavier build, the English Bulldog’s breathing challenges are typically **more severe**. Their nose ropes can sometimes physically impede airflow, requiring constant monitoring.
Temperament & Personality: Who Will Share Your Sofa?
This is where the rubber meets the road. Both are loyal and loving, but their personalities are quite different.
The French Bulldog Personality: The Mischievous Shadow
French Bulldogs are playful and energetic in short bursts, making them entertaining companions
The Frenchie is known for being **playful, alert, and undeniably charming**.
- Mischievous and Funny: They are the clowns of the dog world. They'll demand attention during your Zoom calls, zoom around the house in short bursts of playful energy, and master the "puppy dog eyes" to get whatever they want.
- Apartment Perfect: Many owners find they are excellent apartment dogs because they are relatively quiet (outside of snorting) and their small size is a huge plus.
- Velcro Dogs: **French Bulldogs are masters of separation anxiety.** They thrive on human companionship and will follow you from room to room—hence the nickname "Velcro dog." If you work from home or can bring your dog everywhere, a Frenchie is a perfect match. If you leave your dog alone for 8 hours a day, you will likely encounter behavioral issues.
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The English Bulldog Personality: The Dignified Couch Potato
English Bulldogs are the ultimate couch potatoes, preferring long naps to long walks, which perfectly suits a relaxed indoor lifestyle.
The English Bulldog is the epitome of **calm, courageous, and gentle patience**.
- Laid-Back and Stubborn: They are incredibly content to lounge. They are not high-energy dogs and prefer a good nap on the sofa to a long hike. They possess a deep, dignified stubbornness that requires a patient owner (more on this in the training section).
- Excellent with Kids: The English Bulldog has a gentle, almost grandfatherly temperament, making them **excellent with children**. Their sturdiness and patience allow them to tolerate the bumps and tumbles of toddlers better than many small breeds.
- The Drool Factor: Now, let's talk about the *reality* of living with an English Bulldog. They **drool extensively**, especially when excited, eating, or drinking. You will find slobber on your walls, your furniture, and your clothes. They also tend to snort and snore **LOUDER** than Frenchies. Be prepared for a high level of... maintenance in this department.
With Families
- Young Children: The **English Bulldog** has the edge here due to their sturdiness and high tolerance. A Frenchie, while great with kids, is smaller and more easily injured by an accidental fall or rough play.
- Active Companionship: The **French Bulldog** is better for active families who want a companion for neighborhood outings, sitting at outdoor cafes, or short playtime in the yard.
With Other Pets
- French Bulldog: Generally more adaptable to multi-pet households, especially if socialized early.
- English Bulldog: They can be **territorial** or dominant with other dogs, particularly those of the same sex. Socialization is key, but I've found they can be more dog-selective than Frenchies.
Exercise & Activity Needs: How Much Effort?
This is one of the biggest deciding factors. If you’re a marathon runner, neither breed is for you. Both are low-energy breeds, but one is a little more active than the other.
French Bulldog Activity
The Frenchie needs a moderate amount of activity, about **30–45 minutes of exercise daily**. This can be split into a short walk in the morning and a dedicated play session in the evening.
- Energy Bursts: They have playful energy spurts where they’ll race around the house, but they also crash quickly.
- Stairs: They can handle stairs better than their English cousins, but moderation is advised due to their potential for spinal issues.
English Bulldog Activity
This is the quintessential couch potato. They only need about **20–30 minutes of gentle exercise daily**.
- Leisurely Strolls: They prefer multiple short walks—say, a 10-minute walk three times a day. They struggle with long distances, stairs, and jumping.
- Couch-Bound: An English Bulldog is perfectly happy to spend 80% of the day napping. Do not force them into long walks; their heavy, low-slung build is not made for endurance.
CRITICAL WARNING: Heat Intolerance
I cannot stress this enough: **Both breeds can die from overheating. This is not an exaggeration.**
- **Never** exercise them in hot or humid weather.
- If the temperature is above $75^{\circ}F$ ($24^{\circ}C$), keep exercise to a bare minimum and only in air-conditioned environments or shady, cool spots.
- Always carry water.
- Watch for *any* sign of labored breathing (excessive panting, loud snorting, blue gums) and stop immediately.
If you live in a hot climate (like Florida, Arizona, or Texas) without reliable air conditioning, you should **seriously reconsider** owning either of these breeds. For more critical information, check our article about What Breeds of Dogs are Most Likely To Suffer Heatstroke?
Training & Intelligence: Navigating the Stubborn Streak
When it comes to training, you're not dealing with a Border Collie or a Poodle. Both bulldogs have a reputation for being **stubborn**, but they are intelligent. They simply have a *different* kind of intelligence.
The Challenge: Selective Hearing
Bulldogs are masters of **selective hearing**. They often need to know *what’s in it for them* before they obey a command.
- **Food Motivation is Your Superpower:** Luckily, both breeds are incredibly **food-motivated**. High-value treats are the key to unlocking their desire to learn.
- **Patience is a Virtue:** You need patience and absolute consistency. Short, fun sessions are crucial—5 to 10 minutes at a time is perfect.
French Bulldog Training
- **Eagerness to Please:** Frenchies tend to be slightly more eager to please their owners and are often **quicker learners** than English Bulldogs. They respond enthusiastically to positive reinforcement and can often master more complex tricks.
- **Early Socialization:** They can be territorial, so early and consistent socialization with new people and dogs is vital for a well-adjusted Frenchie.
English Bulldog Training
- **Famously Stubborn:** This breed is arguably one of the most stubborn you’ll encounter. They are smart, but if they decide they don't want to do something (like move off the sofa), they will simply ignore you.
- **Focus on Basics:** Concentrate on basic obedience and good house manners. Keep the sessions short and fun, and use treats that make them want to work for you (cheese or chicken often work wonders!).
- **House Training:** Both can be a challenge to house train, but the English Bulldog often takes longer. Crate training is highly recommended for both breeds to aid in housebreaking and managing separation anxiety (for the Frenchie).
Grooming & Maintenance: The Wrinkle Factor
Neither breed requires professional grooming in the way a Poodle or Cocker Spaniel does, but they are absolutely **not** low-maintenance dogs. Their care is centered on their wrinkles and skin health.
Coat Care
- **Minimal Shedding:** Both have short, smooth coats that require minimal grooming—a weekly brush with a rubber mitt is usually sufficient to remove loose hair. Frenchies tend to shed slightly less than English Bulldogs.
The Wrinkle Factor (Daily Rituals!)
This is the most critical part of their maintenance, and the **English Bulldog requires far more work**.
- Why it Matters: The folds and wrinkles on their faces, and especially the **English Bulldog's nose rope**, trap moisture and dirt, creating a perfect breeding ground for yeast and bacterial infections. If not cleaned, they will become red, irritated, and **very smelly**.
- The Routine: You must clean their facial wrinkles **DAILY** with a pet-safe wipe, cotton ball, or damp cloth. After cleaning, they *must* be dried thoroughly.
- Tail Pocket: English Bulldogs often have a "tail pocket" (a little dimple under their screw tail) that also needs to be cleaned and dried regularly to prevent odor and infection.
The "Gross" Factors: Drool, Gas, and Snoring
- Drool: **English Bulldogs drool EXTENSIVELY.** Seriously, have towels ready. French Bulldogs drool minimally, if at all.
- Gas: Both breeds are notoriously gassy. Unfortunately, that flat face makes them gulp air while eating, leading to frequent and impressive flatulence. A high-quality, easily digestible diet can help mitigate this, but never fully eliminate it.
- Snoring: Both snore. The English Bulldog, due to its more complex breathing structure, generally **snores much LOUDER**—sometimes loud enough to wake the dead!
Health Issues & Lifespan: The Honest Truth
This is the most important section of this guide. These are not robust, healthy dogs. They are high-maintenance breeds that require constant vigilance and a serious financial commitment to health care.
Shared Brachycephalic Health Issues
The distinctive flat face, or brachycephalic structure, common to both bulldog breeds, is a key factor in their unique charm and their specific health considerations.
As flat-faced dogs, they share several common issues that prospective owners **must** be aware of.
- **BOAS (Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome):** This is the biggest concern. It refers to a collection of upper airway abnormalities (small nostrils, elongated soft palate) that causes their breathing difficulties. This is why they overheat and struggle with exercise. For a firsthand account of the severity of this condition, read our article: BOAS & Breathing Issues: The Day My French Bulldog Turned Blue.
- **Eye Problems:** Both are prone to *Cherry Eye* (a prolapsed gland) and *Dry Eye*.
- **Skin Issues:** Dermatitis and skin fold infections (as mentioned in grooming).
French Bulldog Specific Health Concerns
The Frenchie is prone to spinal and joint issues.
- **Spinal Issues:** **IVDD (Intervertebral Disc Disease)** is common, where the cushioning discs between the vertebrae bulge or rupture. This can lead to pain, nerve damage, and even paralysis. Owners need to be mindful of jumping and stairs.
- **Allergies:** Very prone to food and environmental allergies, which often manifest as skin issues.
- **Birthing:** Most French Bulldogs **require C-sections** for birthing due to their large heads and narrow hips.
French Bulldog Lifespan: **10–12 years**
English Bulldog Specific Health Concerns
The English Bulldog has more severe and varied health challenges, leading to a shorter lifespan.
- **Severe BOAS:** Their breathing problems are typically more severe than Frenchies, and many will need BOAS surgery (soft palate resection) to improve their quality of life.
- **Joint Issues:** High rates of **Hip and Elbow Dysplasia** due to their massive build.
- **Heat Stroke:** Due to their massive body and compressed airway, they are **at a higher risk of fatal heat stroke**.
- **Birthing:** Nearly **ALL English Bulldogs require C-sections**.
English Bulldog Lifespan: **8–10 years** (Often on the lower end)
The True Cost of Health Issues
Let's be blunt: **English Bulldogs are among the most expensive breeds to maintain health-wise.** The lifetime medical costs are astronomical.
- **BOAS Surgery:** Expect to pay **$2,000–$7,000** for this surgery, and many will need it.
- **Emergency Vet Visits:** They are common, especially for breathing distress.
- **Pro Tip:** **Pet insurance is not optional; it’s a necessary expense.** Buy it when the puppy is young and healthy, and be prepared for higher premiums, as these breeds are considered high-risk.
Cost Comparison: Can You Afford a Bulldog?
The initial purchase price is just the tip of the iceberg. These dogs are expensive to buy and expensive to keep.
Initial Purchase Price (From a Reputable Breeder)
- French Bulldog: **$3,000–$8,000+** (The higher end is for coveted colors or lines).
- English Bulldog: **$2,500–$5,000.**
Red Flag Alert: If you see a bulldog puppy advertised for less than $1,500, it's a huge warning sign of a puppy mill, backyard breeder, or a scam. These puppies almost always come with severe, immediate, and expensive health problems.
First Year and Annual Costs
| Category | First Year Estimate | Annual Ongoing Estimate |
|---|---|---|
| Initial Supplies (Crate, Bed, Toys) | $300–$600 | $100–$300 |
| Vet Care, Shots, Spay/Neuter | $600–$1,800 | $500–$800 |
| Food & Treats (Premium Food) | $500–$900 | $600–$1,200 |
| Pet Insurance (Crucial) | $600–$1,500 | $800–$2,000 (Higher for English) |
| Unexpected Vet Bills | Budget $1,000+ | Budget $1,000–$3,000+ |
Lifetime Cost Estimate
Based on lifespan and health costs, the lifetime cost of ownership for a bulldog is significant:
- French Bulldog (12 years): **$20,000–$40,000+**
- English Bulldog (10 years): **$18,000–$35,000+** (Likely higher due to chronic health issues).
Living Situation & Lifestyle Fit: Matchmaking
Let’s see which of these wonderful breeds slots best into your life.
Apartment Living
- French Bulldogs: **Excellent.** Their size and lower activity needs make them ideal apartment companions. They are also relatively quiet.
- English Bulldogs: **Excellent, but with a caveat.** Their low exercise needs are great, but they are heavy and can struggle with stairs. A ground-floor apartment or house is best for an English Bulldog to protect their joints.
Climate Considerations
As discussed, both are TERRIBLE in hot climates.
- If you live somewhere hot, you need reliable air conditioning 24/7 in the summer. No exceptions. They are better suited for cooler climates where they can enjoy moderate outdoor time.
Activity Level Matching
- Moderately Active Owner: If you enjoy leisurely neighborhood strolls and short play sessions, the **French Bulldog** is the slightly better match.
- Couch Potato Owner: If you prefer watching movies and want a dog happy to lounge, the **English Bulldog** is your perfect, snoring, drooling match.
- Very Active Owner: If you hike, run, or bike daily, **neither breed is for you.**
Work Schedule
Both need companionship. The **French Bulldog** is more prone to severe separation anxiety and may need doggy daycare or a committed dog walker if you work long hours away from home.
Pros & Cons Summary
Here is a quick, honest summary to help you make your final assessment.
French Bulldog
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| More portable size | Higher initial purchase price |
| Minimal drooling | Prone to separation anxiety |
| Slightly longer lifespan | Can be territorial |
| More adaptable/playful | Still has significant health issues |
| Better with stairs | Trendy = more puppy mills/scams |
English Bulldog
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Excellent with children | **More severe health problems** |
| Calm, laid-back temperament | Shorter lifespan (8–10 years) |
| Loyal and affectionate | **EXCESSIVE drooling and gas** |
| Less expensive initially | Mobility challenges |
| Iconic, distinctive look | Higher ongoing medical costs |
Making Your Decision
The ultimate choice comes down to which breed’s challenges you are best equipped to handle.
Choose a French Bulldog if:
- You want a more compact, portable dog
- You live in an apartment with stairs
- You prefer less drooling
- You want a slightly more active companion
- You can afford higher purchase price
Choose an English Bulldog if:
- You have young children
- You want a calm, laid-back companion
- You don't mind drool and snoring
- You have a ground-floor living situation
- You want the iconic bulldog look
Consider Neither Breed if:
- You live in a hot climate without AC
- You can't afford potential medical expenses
- You want an athletic companion
- You want a low-maintenance dog
- You work long hours and can't provide companionship
Red Flags to Avoid When Choosing a Breeder
- Cheap puppies advertised online - Prices significantly below $2,500 often indicate puppy mills or health issues
- Breeders without health testing - Reputable breeders provide OFA/health clearances for hips, eyes, and genetic conditions
- Multiple litters available simultaneously - Ethical breeders focus on one or two litters per year maximum
- Won't let you visit - Legitimate breeders encourage you to meet the parent dogs and see their living conditions
- Rare color upcharges - Exotic colors (blue, merle, lilac) often come with serious genetic health problems and inflated prices
- No references or reviews - Quality breeders should provide references from previous puppy buyers and veterinarians
- Pressure to buy immediately - Good breeders want to ensure the right match and may even have a waiting list
- No contract or health guarantee - Responsible breeders provide written contracts with health guarantees
FAQ Section
Are French Bulldogs or English Bulldogs easier to train?
French Bulldogs are generally considered slightly easier to train because they are often more eager to please. English Bulldogs are notoriously stubborn and will require more patience, consistency, and a higher reliance on food motivation.
Which breed is better for apartments?
Both are excellent, low-energy apartment dogs. The **French Bulldog** is slightly better due to its smaller size and ability to navigate stairs more easily, while the **English Bulldog** should ideally be kept on the ground floor to protect its joints.
Do English Bulldogs drool more than French Bulldogs?
Yes, absolutely. **English Bulldogs drool significantly more**—often excessively—while French Bulldogs drool minimally, if at all.
Can French Bulldogs swim?
No. Neither French Bulldogs nor English Bulldogs can swim well. Their heavy bodies, dense musculature, and large heads make it impossible for them to keep their snouts above the waterline. They will sink quickly. **Life jackets are mandatory** around any water, and they should be supervised 100% of the time.
Why are bulldogs so expensive?
They are expensive for two primary reasons: **high demand** and **high breeding costs**. Because the puppies have large heads and the mothers have narrow hips, nearly all litters must be delivered via **C-section**, which is a significant cost and risk for breeders. Ethical breeders also invest heavily in health testing, which drives the price up.
Which bulldog breed lives longer?
The **French Bulldog** has a slightly longer average lifespan of **10–12 years**, compared to the English Bulldog’s average of **8–10 years**. This difference is largely due to the English Bulldog's greater mass and more severe brachycephalic and joint issues.
Conclusion: Your Perfect Bulldog Match Awaits
You've now got the complete picture: the bat-eared charm of the French Bulldog versus the dignified, drool-covered devotion of the English Bulldog. You understand the snorts, the stubbornness, the very real health challenges, and most importantly—the immense joy these wrinkly companions bring to the right owners.
Whether you choose the compact, mischievous Frenchie or the gentle giant English Bulldog, you're not just getting a dog—you're getting a shadow who will follow you everywhere, a comedian who will make you laugh daily, and a loyal friend who thinks your lap is the best seat in the house (regardless of their size).
Yes, these are high-maintenance breeds. They require financial commitment, constant health vigilance, climate control, and patience with their legendary stubbornness. But ask any bulldog owner if they'd choose differently, and you'll see them glance at their snoring, farting, drooling companion with pure love and answer: "Not a chance."
Remember: The best bulldog for you is the one whose challenges you're genuinely prepared to handle—not just today, but for the next 10+ years. If you're ready for that commitment, you're about to experience one of the most rewarding relationships in the dog world.
Your Next Steps
- Consider Adoption First: Thousands of wonderful bulldogs need homes. Check the French Bulldog Rescue Network or Bulldog Club of America Rescue
- Find a Reputable Breeder: Visit the AKC Marketplace and verify all health testing documentation
- Prepare Your Home: Budget for vet expenses, invest in quality cooling mats, and schedule a vet consultation before bringing your puppy home
- Keep Learning: Explore our complete breed guides, training tips, and health care resources to become the best bulldog owner possible
Whether you choose Team Frenchie or Team English, welcome to the wonderfully chaotic, endlessly rewarding world of bulldog ownership. Your future snoring, snorting best friend is waiting for you.